1. The French Revolution
A) Multiple Choice Questions:
1. The burden of financial activities of the state during the old Regime
was borne by the
a) Church b) Noble c) Third
estate d) The King
Ans. Third estate.
2. Austrian Princess Marie Antoinette was the Queen
of which ruler of France?
a) Louis
III b) Louis
XIV c) Louis
XV d) Louis XVI
Ans. Louis
XVI.
3. Napoleon crowned himself
the Emperor of France in
a)1805 b)1 804 c)1803 d)1806
Ans. 1804
4.
When was ‘Tennis Court Oath’ taken in France?
a) 14th July, 1789 b) 20th
June, 1789
c) 4th August,
1789 d) 5th
May, 1789
Ans.20th June, 1789
5.
In context
of France what was the ‘Convention’?
a) A French School b)
Newly Elected Assembly
c) The Club d) A Women Organizations
Ans. Newly Elected Assembly.
6.
Which was the idea promoted by Montesquieu.
a) Divine
Right b)
Decentralisation of Power
c) The
Social Contract d) Balance
of Power Ans. Decentralisation of Power.
7. In the history
of France which period is known Reign of Great Terror
a)1792-93 b)1774-76 c)1793 -94 d)1804 -1815
Ans.1793-94
1.
The device used by French
for beheading a person was known as Guillotine.
2.
Bastille was stormed
in the year 14 July 1789 A.D.
3.
In 1815 A.D.
Napoleon was defeated in the battle
of Waterloo.
4.
Maximilian Robespierre was the leader of Jacobin Club.
5.
The book Social
Contract was written
by Rousseau.
6.
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C) Match the columns: |
Marseillaise was composed by Roger de L’Isle.
7.
1.
Fortress Prison Guillotine
2. Tax levied by church Jacobin
3. To behead a person Rousseau
4.
A club of French middle
class Bastille
5.
The Social Contract Tithe
Ans. 1. Fortress prison Bastille
2.
Tax levied by church Tithe
3.
To behead a person Guillotine
4.
A club for French middle class Jacobin
5.
The Social Contract Rousseau
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D) Difference between:- |
1. First estate and Third estate
Ans. First Estate- The first estate was
divided into two categories of the Clergy:
(i) The higher clergy and (ii) The ordinary clergy.
The higher clergy
i.e. Archbishops, Bishops
and Abbots ruled the church in France. The
higher clergy was only 1% of the population, they enjoyed the great wealth of church and had the
right to collect a tax. The ordinary clergymen were supposed to live in the monasteries and conduct the spiritual services. They came from
the lower classes. Their income
was so meager that they faced great difficulty in leading a normal
life.
Third Estate-
This section of the society
constituted 97% of the total population. This class
suffered from inequality and great social and economic disparity. It included a
big businessmen, merchants, court officials, lawyers,
Peasants and artisans, Small peasants,
landless labour, servants. Most of the taxes were
paid by the third estate.
2. Tithe and Taille
Ans. There
were two main
types of indirect
taxes that the peasants of France had to pay: Tithe and Taille.
Tithe paid to church and Taille paid to the state.
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2. Very Short Answer Type Questions:- |
Q 1. When did the
French Revolution occur?
Ans. In 1789 A.D.
Q 2. Who was the leader of the Jacobin Club? Ans. Maximilian
Robespierre.
Q 3. What was Directory?
Ans. Directory was the council of five
members.
Q 4. Which estate used to pay taxes in the French
society?
Ans. The Third Estate.
Q 5. What was the
tax paid directly to the state?
Ans. Taille.
Q 6. Which classes
were exempted from paying taxes?
Ans. First and Second Estate.
Q 7. How many types of taxes were paid by peasant?
Ans. Two types of taxes. Tithe and Taille.
Q 8. Name the
National Anthem of France.
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3.Short Answer Type Questions: |
Ans.
Marseillaise.
Q 1.How was the
French society divided before the French Revolution?
Ans. Before the French Revolution, French
society was divided into three classes-
Ans. First Estate- The first estate was made divided
into two categories of the Clergy:
The higher
clergy and the ordinary clergy.
The higher clergy
i.e. Archbishops, Bishops
and Abbots ruled the church in France. The higher clergy
was only 1% of the population. They enjoyed the great wealth of church and had the
right to collect a tax. The ordinary clergymen were supposed to live in the monasteries and conduct the spiritual services. They came from
the lower classes. Their
income was so meagre that they faced
great difficulty in leading a normal
life.
Second Estate- This
section consisted of the nobility and aristocrats. This class was also exempted from
paying taxes and
it acquired wealth
from the land
owned. The second
estate comprised 2%of the French population.
Third Estate-
This section of the society
constituted 97% of the total population. This class
suffered from inequality and great social and economic disparity. It included a
big businessmen, merchants, court officials, lawyers,
Peasants and artisans, Small peasants,
landless labour, servants. Most of the taxes were
paid by the third estate.
Q 2. Describe the role
of Women in the French Revolution.
Ans. Women
were not considered active citizens under
any of the governments of the French Revolution but women were
quite active participants during the French
Revolution. They joined the Revolution in the hope of improving their lives under the new government. The movement
for voting rights
and wages continued. At the time of revolution Olympe de Gouges
was one of the most important among the politically active women in revolutionary France.
She protested against the constitution and the declaration of rights of Man and Citizen as they excluded women from basic rights. She criticized the Jacobin government for closing down the women‟s clubs. So that she
was executed. Over a period
of time schooling was made compulsory for all women and state
schools encouraged education. Almost the next
150 years that
French women gained the right to vote in 1946 A.D.
Q3. Describe in brief about the famous writers
philosophers who influenced the French Revolution?
Ans. Voltaire- Through his writings he exposed the high handedness of the clergy and the nobles. He believed that all religions are absurd and contrary to reason.
Rousseau- He raised voice
against arbitrary and tyrannical rule and propounded the concept of democracy. He said „Man
is born free, yet everywhere he is in chains‟. He considered democracy as the best
form of Government.
Montesquieu-Montesquieu challenged the theory of Divine Right
of the king and outlined the principles of constitutional monarchy.
Q4. What do you mean by
Monarchy?
Ans. The Monarchy is a form
of government in which a country is ruled by „monarch‟ such
as a king or Queen. The authority or crown in Monarchy is generally inherited.
Q 5.What is National
Constitutional Assembly ?
Ans. The third
estate viewed themselves as the spokespersons for the French
nation and they swore not to disperse
till they drafted
the constitution for France. The drafting of a written constitution was completed in 1791.It distributed power among the Legislative, Executive and Judiciary. The new constitution converted France into a constitutional monarchy.
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4. Long Answer Type Questions:- |
Q 1. Describe the circumstances leading to the
outbreak of French Revolution?
Ans. French Revolution was a great
event in the history of the world.
It left an immense influence on history.
1. The French government particularly during 1780s,
was facing the task of increased taxation
to ease the burden
of the financial crisis it faced.
This lead to the resentment among the people and paved way for French Revolution.
2. There was a hereditary monarchy
in France and the king held himself
to the representative of God
on earth.
3. The long years
of wars, the cost of maintaining an army, upkeep
of the magnificent palace of Versailles, running
government offices had
drained the wealth
of France.
4. French society was
divided into three
categories: the higher
clergy, Nobilty and
Commoners. Most of the taxes were paid by the third
class.
5. The economy
of France was primarily based on agriculture. Peasants of France bore the burden of taxation.
6.
The peasants
had to pay indirect taxes
Tithe and Taille.
7. The
educated people were aware of the American revolution and the Enlightenment
movement in Europe.
8. The intellectuals of France like
Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesquieu highlighted the excesses of the government and other privileged classes and aroused
people‟s feelings against
the prevailing inequalities.
Q 2.
Explain the phases of the French Revolution?
Ans. 1.The Tennis Court Oath- On 17 June, 1789 the third estate claiming
to represent the nation‟s population and declared
itself as Constituting National Assembly. The National Assembly also issued a „Declaration of the Rights of Man’ and Citizens. On 20 June, 1789 the third estate
met at an indoor Tennis
Court. The members
resolved “Never to separate and
to reassemble whenever circumstances shall
require until the constitution shall be determined”. An Oath was taken
and signed by all the representative for the Third Estate. Louis
XVI could not reconcile to these changes
and he made preparation to break the Assembly. Troops
were called and rumours spread
that the leading
members of the assembly would be soon arrested.
On July 14, 1789 A.D.
a mob attacked the grim fortress prison
which was called
the Bastille. With the storming of the Bastille
the revolution reached its frenzy. It marked the end of royal despotism in France.
2. National Assembly-The Third
estate viewed themselves as the spokespersons of the French nation. They declared themselves a National Assembly
and swore not to disperse
till they drafted the
Constitution for France. National Assembly not only succeeded in abolishing feudalism and class privileges but also made a declaration regarding rights which outlined the aims of the revolution .
3. Jacobins- A radical group, the Jacobins came
to power who believed in direct democracy. The members of the Jacobins
club are mainly from the less prosperous sections of the society.
They included small shopkeepers, artisans, shoemakers, watchmakers and daily wage workers.
Their leader was Maximilian Robespierre. The Jacobins planned
an insurrection in 1792 A.D. using the anger of the people
of the Paris over short
supplies and high prices of food. They stormed the palace of the Tuileries and massacred the king‟s guards.
Robespierre followed a policy
of severely control
and punish. Robespierre carried his policies
so relentlessly that even
his supporters began
to demand moderation. Finally he was
convicted and Guillotined by the court in July 1794 A.D.
4. Directory- With the exclusion of Robespierre the Jacobin government came to an end. This once again
gave the wealthy
people of the French society
a chance to seize power
and form the government. From 1795-1799 A.D. The Directory
ruled France. Jacobins
appointed a five members Directory Council and two elected
legislative councils. There were often
clashes between the directors and members of the legislature. This Political instability between the legislature and the Directors paved
the way for the rise
of the military dictatorship of Napoleon
Bonaparte in France.
5. Napoleon Bonaparte- Napoleon Bonaparte was a French
general who was famous for his
victories over Italy.
He got political power in 1799 A.D. He crowned
himself the emperor
of France in 1804
A.D. He made
modern rules like
Laws to protect
private property, a uniform
system of weights
and measurements, Centralization of government, Creation of bank of France
and uniform and compulsory school
education system etc.
Napoleon was defeated in the battle of Waterloo in 1815
A.D. The British
imprisoned him on the remote
island of St. Helena where
he died on 5 May, 1821 A.D.
Q 3. What was the
impact of the French Revolution?
Ans.1. French Revolution is considered to be seminal
event in the world history.
It signalled the end of the of the medieval world of hierarchy.
2. The government formed
after the revolution took the responsibility of passing laws
that would translate the ideas of liberty and
equality into everyday
life.
3.
A major
result was the
abolition of the
privileges that existed
under the old
regime.
4. The Declaration of the Rights
of Men and Citizen ensured
freedom of speech
and expression to
all the citizens.
5.
The French
Revolution gave the
term „nation‟ its modern meaning.
6. The concept of sovereignty developed
which means that the people
constituting the nation are the
source of all power and authority.
7.
It ended
the dominated powers
of Nobles and priests.
8. Middle classes, women,
peasants and the workers began to actively
shape the world around
them.
Q 4. What
was the condition of women of the Third Estate before 1789 A.D.?
Ans. Most of the women in Third Estate
worked for their
living as flower
sellers, fruits and vegetable vendors,
seamstresses and employed
as domestic servants
in the house of rich and
prosperous people.
2.
They worked
along with men.
3.
They were paid less than the men.
4.
Working women
also had to take the
responsibilities of the house.
5.
They do not have
any access to education or job training.
EXERCISE
I. Objective Type Questions
(A) Multiple Choice Questions:
i. The burden of financial activities of the
state during the old Regime was borne by the
a)
Church
b)
Nobles
c)
Third estate
d)
The King
ii.
Austrian Princess Marie Antoinette was the Queen of which ruler of France?
a)
Louis
b)
Louis XIV
c)
Louis XV
d)
Louis XVI
iii)
Napoleon crowned himself the Emperor of France in
a)
1805
b)
1804
c)
1803
d)
1806
iv)
When was 'Tennis Court Oath taken in France?
a)
14 thjuly, 1789
b)
20 the June, 1789
c)
4thAugust, 1789
d)
5th May, 1789
v).
In context of France what was the 'Convention'?
a)
A French School
b)
Newly Elected Assembly
c)
The Club
d)
A women Organizations
vi)
Which was the idea pemaoted by Montesquieu
a)
Divine Right
b)
Decent ralisation of Power
c)
The Social Contract
d)
Balance of Power
vii)
In the history of France which period is known Reign of Great Terror
a)
1792-93
b)
1774-76
c)
1793-94
d)
1804-1815
B. Fill in the blanks:
i.
The device used by French for beheading a person was known as
ii. Bastille was stormed in the year .A.D.
iii.
In 1815A.D Napolen was defeated in the battle of
iv.
Was the leader of Jacobin Club.
v.
The book social contract was written by
vi.
Marseillaise was composed by
C. Match the columns:
A B
1)
Fortress Prison Guillotine
2)
Tax levied by church Jacobin
3)
To behead a person Rousseau
4)
A club of French middle class Bastille
5)
The Social Contract Tithe
D. Difference between:
i. First estate and Third estate
ii. Tithe and Mille
II. Very ShortAnswer Type Questions
1.
When did the French Revolution occur?
2.
Who was the leader of Jacobin Club?
3.
What was Directory?
4.
Which Estate used to pay taxes in the French Society?
5.
What was the tax paid directly to the state?
6.
Which classes were exempted from paying taxes?
7.
How many types of taxes were paid by peasant?
8.
Name the National Anthem of France.
III. Short answer type question:
1.
How was the French society divided before the French Revolution?
2.
Describe the role of Women in the French Revolution.
3.
Describe in brief about the famous writers philosophers who influenced the
French Revolution.
4.
What do you mean by Monarchy?
5.
What is National Constitutional Assembly?
IV. Long answer type questions:
1.
Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of French Revolution.
2.
Explain the phases of the French Revolution.
3.
What was the impact of the French Revolution?
4.
Discuss the causes of the French Revolution?
5. What was the condition of women of the
Third Estate before 17 89 A.D?
Map activity on the following map of
Europe mark the following countries and their capitals.
France
Portugal
Spain
Italy
England
Austria
